Botswana is a major producer of the world’s diamonds and has been a pacesetter for beneficiation in the country. All mineral resources are finite: Botswana is working towards diversifying the economy before the diamonds run out. As one of the most stable and prosperous countries in Africa, Botswana sets an example to follow. This book gives a practical review of topical issues and the roles of government, the private sector, economic institutions and the international community in driving economic diversification. It highlights challenges faced by many small open economies in Africa as they search for new engines of growth.